Références bibliographiques

• Soli S., Lopez E., Krull E., Bol R., 2009. Biochar Climate change and soils: a review to guide future research. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report 05/09 February 2009. Téléchargeable sur le site du CSIRO.

• Ernsting A., 2009. Le charbon de bois déguisé en « biochar » encore une combine technologique. WRM Mouvement mondial pour les forêts tropicales. Consultable en ligne sur le site de Planète Urgence.

• Ansley R.J., T.W. Boutton & J.O. Skjemstad, 2006. Soil organic carbon and black carbon storage and dynamics under different fire regimes in temperate mixed-grass savanna. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 20, B3006.
  
• Beaton J.D., Peterson H.B. & Bauer N., 1960. Some aspects of phosphate adsorption by charcoal. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings. 24: 340–346.
  
• Bellamy P.H., Loveland P.J., Bradley, R.I. Lark, R.M. & Kirk G.J.D., 2005. Carbon losses from all soils across England and Wales 1978-2003. Nature. 437: 245-248.
  
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• Brodowski S., John B., Flessa H. & Amelung W., 2006. Aggregate-occluded black carbon in soil. European Journal of Soil Science. 57: 539-546.
  
• Bruun S., Luxhoi J., 2008. Is biochar production really carbon-negative? Environmental. Science & Technology. 42, 1388-1388.
  
• Casselman A., 2007. Inspired by Ancient Amazonians, a Plan to Convert Trash into Environmental Treasure (Scientific American May 15, 2007).
  
• Chan K.Y., Van Zwieten L., Meszaros I., Downie A. & S. Joseph, 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research. 45(8): 629–634.
  
• Chidumayo E.N., 1994. Effects of wood carbonization on soil and initial development of seedlings in miombo woodland, Zambia. Forest Ecology & Management. 1994. 70(1/3): 353-357.
  
• Forbes M.S., Raison R.J. & Skjemstad J.O., 2006. Formation, transformation and transport of black carbon (charcoal) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Journal of the Science of the Total Environment. 370(1): 190-206.
  
• Glaser B., Lehmann J. & ZechW., 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal –A review. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 35: 219–230.
  
• Hammond, D. S. Steege, H. t. van der Borg, K., 2007. Upland Soil Charcoal in the Wet Tropical Forests of Central Guyana. Biotropica. 39(2): 153-160.
  
• Hayes M.H.B., 2006. Biochar and biofuels for a brighter future. Nature. 443: 144-144.
  
• Kishimoto S, Sugiura G., 1985. Charcoal as a soil conditioner. Int Achieve Future. 5:12–23
  
• Ishii I., Kadoya K., 1994. Effects of Charcoal as a Soil Conditioner on Citrus Growth and Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Development. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 63(3): 529-535.
  
• Laird A.D., 2008. The Charcoal Vision: A Win–Win–Win Scenario for Simultaneously Producing Bioenergy, Permanently Sequestering Carbon, while Improving Soil and Water Quality. Agron J. 100:178-181.
  
• Lal R., 2009. Challenges and opportunities in soil organic matter research. European Journal of Soil Science, 60: 158-169.
  
• Lehmann J., 2007. A handful of carbon. Nature. 447(7141): 143-144.
  
• Lehmann J., da Silva Jr. J.P., Steiner C., Nehls T., Zech W. & Glaser, B., 2003a. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil. 249: 343–357.
  
• Lehman J., Gaunt J., Rondon M., 2006. Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems - A review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 11: 403–427.
  
• Lehmann J., Sohi S., 2008. Comment on “Fire-Derived Charcoal Causes Loss of Forest Humus”. Science. 321: 1295.
  
• Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O'Neill, B., Skjemstad, J. O., Thies, J., Luizão, F. J., Petersen, J., Neves, E. G. Black Carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am. 70(5): 1719-1730.
  
• Marris E., 2006. Putting the carbon back: Black is the new green. Nature. 442: 624-626.
  
• Mathews J.A., 2008. Carbon-negative biofuels. Energy Policy. 36: 940-945.
  
• Mc Henry M.P., 2009. Agricultural biochar production, renewable energy generation and farm carbon sequestration in Western Australia: Certainty, uncertainty and risk. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Environment. 129: 1-7.
  
• Nguyen B., Lehmann J., Kinyangi J., Smernik R., Riha S., & Engelhard, M., 2009. Long-term black carbon dynamics in cultivated soil. Biogeochemistry. 92: 163-176.
  
• Oguntunde P.G., M. Fosu, A.E. Ajayi & van de Giesen N., 2004. Effects of charcoal production on maize yield, chemical properties and texture of soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 39: 295-299
  
• Oguntunde P.G., Abiodun B.J.,. Ajayi & van de Giesen N., 2008. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical proporties in Ghana. Journal of Plant nutrition and Soil Science. 171: 591-596.
  
• Quenea K., Derenne S., Rumpel C., Rouzaud J.N., Gustafsson O., Carcaillet C., Mariotti A., Largeau C., 2006. Black carbon quantification in forest and cultivated sandy soils (Landes de Gascogne, France). Influence of change in land-use. Organic Geochemistry. 37: 1185-1189.
  
• Rondon M.A., J. Lehmann, J. Ramirez & M. Hurtado. 2007. Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with bio-char additions. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 43: 699-708.
  
• Schmidt M.W.I., Noak A.G., 2000. Black carbon in soils and sediments: analysis, distribution, implication, and current challenges. Global Biogeochem Cycles. 14: 777-793.
  
• Steiner C., Teixeira W.G., Lehmann J., Nehls T., Macêdo J.L.Vd., Blum W.E.H. & Zech W., 2007. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and Soil. 291: 275-290.
  
• Warnock D.D., Lehmann J., Kuyper T.W., & Rillig M.C., 2007. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil - concepts and mechanisms. Plant and Soil. 300: 9-20.
  
• Woods W.I., Falcao N.P.S., & Teixeira W.G., 2006. Biochar trials aim to enrich soil for smallholders. Nature. 443: 144-144.

• Gaskin J.W., A Speir, L.M. Morris, L. Ogden, K. Harris, D. Lee & K.C. Das, 2007. Potential of pyrolysis char to affect soil moisture and nutrient status of a loamy sand soil. Proceedings of the 2007 Georgia Water Resources Conference. March 27-29, 2007. University of Georgia. 
• Glaser B., Lehmann J., Steiner C., Nehls T., Yousaf M., Zech W., 2002. Potential of Pyrolyzed Organic Matter in Soil Amelioration. In: Juren J. (ed.) Sustainable Utilization of Global Soil and Water Resources, Proc. 12th ISCO Conf., May 26-31, 2002, pp. 421-427, Beijing , China. 
• Lehmann J., Silva J.P. da Jr., Rondon M., Silva C.M. da, Greenwood J., Nehls T., Steiner C., Glaser B., 2002. Slash-and-char – a feasible alternative for soil fertility management in the central Amazon? In: Soil Science: Confronting New Realities in the 21st Century. 7th World Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok, Thailande. 
• Lehmann J., Joseph S., 2009a, Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan Ltd, London, UK, 404p. 
• Lehmann J., Joseph S., 2009b. Biochar systems. In: Lehmann J and Joseph S (eds), Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan Ltd, London, UK, 404p. 
• Pro Natura, 2009. Biochar. Note consultable en ligne sur le site de la francophonie
• Radlein D., Kingston A., 2007. The potential role of Agrichar in the Commercialization of Dynamotive’s Fast Pyrolysis Process Terrigal. NSW April 27-29, 2007. Andrew, CEO. International Agrichar Initiative (IAI) 2007 Conference. [Site].
•  Rondon M., Ramirez J.A. & Lehmann J. 2005. Charcoal additions reduce net emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, in Proceedings of the 3rd USDA Symposium on Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sequestration, Baltimore, USA, March 21-24, 2005, p. 208.
•  Smernik R., 2007. The influence of soil charcoal on the absorption of organic molecules. International Agrichar Initiative (IAI) 2007 Conference. [Site].
• Woolf D., 2008. Biochar as a soil amendment. A review of the environmental implications. Université de Swansea, Pays de Galles, Document non publié.

 

Sites Internet

• Australia New Zealand biochar researchers network, ANZBRN. [Site].
• Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organisation, CSIRO, Australie. [Site].
  
• Biorefining and Carbon Cycling Program (University of Georgia, Etats-Unis).  [Site].